Salem Witch Trials Essay - 1478 Words

The year 1692 marked a major event in history in the town of Salem, Massachusetts. The Salem Witchcraft Trials still leaves this country with so many questions as to what happened in that small town. With all the documentation and accounts of the story, people are still wondering why 19 people died as a result of these trials. This paper will discuss the events leading up to the Salem Witch Trials and the events that took place during and after the trials, and the men and women who were killed or spent the remainder of their lives in jail. The Salem Witch Trials has become one of the countries most fascinating stories. HISTORY OF SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS Salem founded in 1926 at the mouth of the Naumkeag River by some English†¦show more content†¦The only books in a Puritan household were that of religious content. â€Å"Given the constant thundering by Puritans about Satan, sin and witches’ spells, it is not surprising that a sensitive child might be subject to fits and weeping and hysterical talk about witchcraft.† (Kallen, 2005) The settlers would live for many years with only one major crime happening in 1638, where a woman by the name of Dorothy Talbye was hanged for murdering her daughter. It was in 1641, when English law made witchcraft a capital crime. Later in 1688, after a disagreement with Goody Glover, a 13 year old girl, Martha Goodwin began exhibiting â€Å"signs† of bizarre behavior. The behavior spreads to her brothers and sisters and Goody Glover is arrested for â€Å"bewitching† the Goodwin children. The Reverend Cotton Mather tries to persuade Goody Glover to repent her witchcraft, but she is later hanged. Martha Goodwin’s behavior continues and worsens. Later that year, Reverend Mather publishes â€Å"Memorable Providences, Relating to Witchcrafts and Possessions.† In November of 1689, Samuel Parris is named the new minister of Salem and he moves from Boston to Salem to preside over the small town. It was in the early months of 1692, when a little girl by the name Elizabeth â€Å"Betty† Parris became ill. It was during this time that â€Å"witchcraft† began to takeShow MoreRelatedSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial1494 Words   |  6 PagesFirst of all, I wanted to talk about what Salem Witch Trial is and who are the persons involve in this event. Salem Witch Trials, according to Encyclopedia Britannica is â€Å"A series of investigations and persecutions that caused 19 convicted â€Å"witches† to be hanged and many other many suspects to be imprisoned in Salem Village in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.† There are many people involve in Salem Witch Trials and I’ll be going to describe their role in this event, followed by the different case studiesRead MoreSalem Witch Trials And The Witch Trial Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesaccused of witchcraft in Salem Village, Massachusetts, many more died in jail, and around 200 people total were accused of witchcraft during the Salem Witch Trials. Records from the event indicate that the Salem Witch Trials started when a group of young girls began acting strange, claiming they had been possessed by the Devil and bewitched by local villagers. The Salem Witch Trials is a much debated event; historians argue over the motivation and causes behind the trials and executions, not overRead MoreThe Trial Of The Salem Witch Trials905 Words   |  4 PagesI. Introduction In January 1692, when a group of juvenile girls began to display bizarre behavior, the tight-knit Puritan community of Salem, Massachusetts couldn’t explain the unusual afflictions and came to a conclusion. Witches had invaded Salem. This was the beginning of a period of mass hysteria known as The Salem Witch Trials. Hundreds of people were falsely accused of witchcraft and many paid the ultimate price of death. Nineteen people were hung, one was pressed to death, and as many asRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials691 Words   |  3 Pageswere the Salem Witch Trials? The Trials happened in 1692 in Puritan Massachusetts, in a town called Salem. Nineteen men and women were hanged on grounds of practicing dark magic and making a pact with Satan (in other words, for being witches). Hundreds of people were imprisoned; several died there. Additionally, one man (of over seventy years!) was crushed to death with heavy stones and the lives of many were irrevocably changed. (Salem Witch Museum) IQ #2- How and why did the Salem WitchRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials were a prime part of American history during the early 17th century. During this time, religion was the prime focus and way of life within colonies. This was especially true for the Puritan way of life. Puritans first came to America in hopes of practicing Christianity their own way, to the purest form. The Puritans were fundamentalists who believed every word transcribed in the Bible by God was to be followed exactly for what it was. The idea of the devil controlling a womanRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1866 Words   |  8 Pagessurrounding the cause of the Salem Witch Trials 1692 makes the topic captivating as many historian perspectives offer explanations for the causation of the trials, yet the personal context of each historian has determined its historic reliability. This questions the level of objectivity each historian has in their responses to the Trials. The aims and purposes of a historian, as well as their differing methodologies may alter the approach the have towards the investigation of the Trials. Many interpretationsRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe notorious witch trials in Salem began in Spring of 1692. This started after a young group of girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts, professed they were possessed by the devil. These young girls even went as far as accusing some local women of practicing witchcraft. As a frenzy spreaded throughout colonial Massachusetts, a specific court was summoned to hear cases. Bridget Bishop was the first convicted witch and she was hung in that June following her trial. Eighteen other people followed BishopRead MoreThe Trials Of Salem Witch Trials1069 Words   |  5 PagesEven though the Salem witch trials were made to seem formal, they were actually subjective and not based on fact. Since there were multiple people being accused of witchcraft, the trials were short and quick to sentence. The witch trials lasted less than a year. The first arrests were made on March 1, 1692, and the final hanging day was September 22, 1692. The Court of Oyer and Terminer was dissolved in October of 1692. The Salem Witch Trials occurred in the spring of 1692, when a groupRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials1635 Words   |  7 Pagesovercome was the Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch Trials occurred in 1692 and 1693 in colonial Massachusetts. â€Å"More than 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft – the Devil’s magic – and 20 were executed† as detailed by Jess Blumberg on the web article A Brief History of the Salem Witch Trials (Blumberg 2007). The trials had a major impact on the American society and the effects could be seen in colonial America as well as today. Why did the injustice of the Salam Witch Trials occur and whyRead MoreThe Trials Of The Salem Witch Trials2197 Words   |  9 Pagesestablish colonies based on the word of God. Salem, like many other towns at the time, had little distinction between church and state and focused all aspects of their society on God. (Roach) Due to these conditions, Salem became the site of the largest and most violent witch hunts in America. The significance of the trials comes from the large impact they had on American law. The conditions before, during, and after the Salem Trials were unlike the witch hunts in any other colonies in the New World

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway Essay - 589 Words

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway After reading this novel, The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway, I was confused about something the old man kept repeating. During the course of the book, the old man, Santiago, refers to having gone out to far to catch the fish. To me, this sounds as though he is making excuses for himself as to why he could not bring the fish in. On the other hand, he may have realized that he should not have gone out so far because it was not worth it for everything he puts himself and the fish through. I reread over these parts and came to a conclusion about this problem. We know that Santiago sets out on the eighty-fifth day earlier than normal to get a head start on what he believes to be the†¦show more content†¦Even though the fish he caught is being ripped to shreds by the sharks feeding on it, he caught it and that is what fishing is all about. When he finally finds his way home, with nothing left but the carcass of the marlin left next to him, he asks himself what beat him. His answer is Nothing. I went out to far (120) By telling himself that the only thing he did wrong was go out to far, he is making excuses for himself. He was unprepared for the hunger that would strike him and defenseless against the sharks that would attack his marlin. These were the things that beat him. If he had stopped and let the fish go because he was getting out to far from land, then it would have been the fish that had beat him. Anyway,you look at the situation; the old man was going to lose in the end. The quote above, I went out to far sounds like an admission of defeat but Nothing seems as though he is saying that nothing beat him. Despite the fact that he is defeated by the sharks that took away his prize fish, he has also, in a way, won. He has won the respect of the townspeople that see the carcass and realize what the man had before it was taken from him piece by piece. He has also gained knowledge of being more prepared. As he tells the boy in the end, We must g et a good killing lance and always have it on board. You can make the blade from a spring leaf from an old Ford (125). If the man had not gone out so far, then he would have neverShow MoreRelatedThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1599 Words   |  7 PagesNew York, NY USA 10027 Dear Pulitzer Prize Judging Board: The Old Man and the Sea by American author, Ernest Hemingway deserved the Pulitzer Prize it received because of the author s use of craft elements, the realness of all of the characters and events, and the lasting themes that are relevant to the year it was written that were created by this realness, which in turn created a legacy. The first reason The Old Man and the Sea deserved its Pulitzer Prize is because of the author’s use of craftRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1744 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† by Ernest Hemingway is a story about an old man named Santiago who has to overcome many obstacles in his time at sea and in life (Hemingway). Despite being a fisherman, Santiago has not caught fish in 84 days and is faced by numerous dilemmas and shortcomings as things seem to always go wrong for him (Hemingway). This paper provides an analysis of the novel by interpreting it as a secular humanist epic. This paper hypothesizes that the character of Santiago is guided byRead MoreThe Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway1734 Words   |  7 Pages Ernest Hemingway was a man among men. He painted his life through written words. In his life Hemingway experienced events that would change him and shape the man that he was. Hemingway wrote about his time he spe nt in World War I in his first novel, The Sun Also Rises, and in his last novel, The Old Man and the Sea, he writes about his fishing exploits, both of which Hemingway experienced himself. By comparing these two works that he has written, a reader can perceive his linguistic style and theRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1952 Words   |  8 Pagesinternal conflicts; there are many internal and external conflicts in the novella. One of the main conflicts is that Santiago couldn’t catch the marlin. This is resolved by Santiago eventually catching the fish three days after he returned back to sea after he had an eighty four day unsuccessful streak; this solution is believable because he was determined to catch the fish which he did. A secondary conflict in this novella was that Santiago began to talk to himself because Manolin is no longer withRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway2056 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† by Ernest Hemingway Plot Summary: â€Å"The Old Man and The Sea† relates the difficult life of an old Cuban fisherman that struggles in his profession for a long period of time until he catches the biggest fish in his life. The story begins presenting readers the fact that Santiago, the old fisherman, has been eighty-four days without catching a fish. This uncomfortable situation leads Manolin, a teenager who works with Santiago, to leave him under his father’s command.Read MoreAn Old Fisherman in The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway939 Words   |  4 Pages On July 21, 1899, Ernest Hemingway was born to Grace Hall-Hemingway and Clarence Edmonds Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois. He started off his writing career in high school, when he was writing sports articles for the high school newspaper. From there, he moved on to writing for the Kansas City Star, where he learned to write in his unique short sentences, declarative, writing style. From journalism, Hemingway moved on to the military life and met a nurse in Milan that was his inspiration for â€Å"ARead MoreErnest Hemingway s A Old Man And The Sea1588 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway, an Intense Macho Bullfighting Woodsman of an author, If you met him in person you would not beleive him when he told you he s an author. However Ernest Hemingway is a very accomplished author, well known as the Chronicler of the lost generation, and for his Pulitzer Prize winning Old Man and the Sea. Hemingway also was known for his collection of short stories, like In Another Country and The Snows of Kilimanjaro, as with many of his stories these two are set in 2 places he hasRead MoreErnest Hemingway s The Old Man And The Sea942 Words   |  4 PagesSome believe to live is to endure, and in Ernest Hemingway s The Old Man and the Sea This idea is explored in a simplistic style of writing called Iceberg Theory, a style unique to Hemingway. In this powerful, yet simple novel Ernest Hemingway eloquently portrays the hardships of t he average man. Old Man and the Sea is based on an old man named Santiago and his battle with a giant Marlin in the middle of the sea. The old man s experience with the marlin is one of misfortune, pride, and accomplishmentRead MoreThe Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Old Man and the Sea There is a scene in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, when after a shark has taken a big chunk about forty pounds off Santiago prize marlin catch, Santiago begin to doubt whether he should have gone out to sea and wishes that he had never hooked the fish and was alone in bed with his newspaper (103). Immediately after the Santiago says, â€Å"But man is not made for defeat a man can be destroyed but not defeated† (103). The life of Ernest Hemingway intertwines to theRead MoreRelationship Between The Old Man And The Sea And Ernest Hemingway1075 Words   |  5 Pagesthe author of The Old Man and The Sea, Ernest Hemingway. Gertrude, an American novelist, poet, playwright and art collector, served as a mentor for Ernest. The novelist also served as a godmother to Ernest along with her companion, Alice B. Toklas. Ernest Hemingway used his experience with Gertrude in his 1952 book, The Old Man and The Sea. Santiago and Manolin share a relationship similar to Ernest Hemingway and Gertrude Stein. Throughout The Old Man and The Sea, Ernest Hemingway provides many details

Project Management Review And Evaluation

Question: Demonstrate how you would apply project processes and procedures prepare project plans and establish the project organisation apply project scheduling, estimating and cost control techniques analyse the methods used to measure project performance explain project change control procedures evaluate the completed project Answer: Project Plan A project plan would be prepared as per PMBOK guide in which would include the following details: Executive summary giving brief about project objectives Project Scope definition highlighting major deliverables Feasibility Assessment evaluating feasibility of a project with respect to economic, operational, organizational and technical perspectives Constraints and assumptions of the project Human Resource management plan Project schedule and milestones would be presented using a Gantt chart Budget would be estimated considering expenses Risk management plan involving identification of project risks and development of response plan Change management plan Project deliverables would be listed Project Organisation The project organization is a day care nursery that accommodates 66 kids from toddlers to the children of age 4. The organization is a charitable one and is managed by some key staff members including trustees, nursery manager, deputy manager, admin, accountant, HR service, room leaders and practitioners(Hart, 2011). The children in day care are often taken out by the teachers so that they can have certain level of physical activities. However, due to extreme weather conditions like rains and heat in seasons, it becomes difficult for teachers to take students out. In such cases, the activities that students do get limited to indoor. However, active play is a very crucial part of the development process in child and thus, an alternative may be planned inside the premises to engage children in the active play. There is no active play facility inside for the students currently and thus, a project involving designing and development of an active play is suggested in this project(GDE, n.d.). These active play would be developed considering the age of children coming in the day care. Different activities that would be included for each age group in the active play would include: Age group Active Play 3 months Roll back from lying on one side; leaning in forearms; lying on stomach 6 months Arms cross over on body; mouth feeding; hands push up sitting 9 months Long time sitting; crawling; weight on hands and legs 1 Year Walking using furniture; sitting and lowering on furniture; stand alone; little walking 1.5 Years Backward walk; carrying toys while walking; pushes boxes; throwing ball; running 2 years Sliding; tiptoe standing; squats; jumps; running; walking down on stairs 2.5 years Jumping side and back ways; jump over trampoline; hop on one foot; use pedals on trikes 3 years Walking down the stairs; jungle gyms and ladders climbing; toe running; turns while running; leg balancing 3.5 years Tiptoe standing; cycle walk; kicking ball; tricycle ride 4 years Somersault; swinging; gallops; kicking ball; lame duck skips Project Plans Project Scheduling This project would involve assessment of the need of the play area for improvement through acquisition of play objects for active play, acquisition and placement of the same inside classroom for students. Milestone Name Start Date of Milestone End Date of Milestone Duration (days) Need assessment for Play Area 16-09-2016 21-09-2016 5 Identification of Play Materials to Acquire 22-09-2016 23-09-2016 1 Research on Active Play Objects 22-09-2016 28-09-2016 6 Calling Vendors 27-09-2016 29-09-2016 2 Selecting vendor 28-09-2016 04-10-2016 6 Procurement 05-10-2016 09-10-2016 4 Training Teachers on Active Play object usage 28-09-2016 05-10-2016 7 Placement and storage of Active play objects 04-10-2016 06-10-2016 2 Formal communication to parents about change 07-10-2016 10-10-2016 3 Marketing Materials with added play area details 09-10-2016 12-10-2016 3 Development of Schedules for Play Object usage 11-10-2016 14-10-2016 3 Responsibility assignment to teachers for play objects 15-10-2016 17-10-2016 2 Estimating And Cost Control Techniques Budgeting involves documentation of all the funds that would be utilized on the project throughout its lifecycle of development. The project should not exceed this budget at any point of time for which certain control measures have to be established to keep check on the expenditure. The total budget allocated on this project would be $ 34,000 which be utilized till 2 months starting from 28th August to 17th October 2016(Time is Ltd, 2015). For keeping a control, measures have to be taken for establishing a standard for performance, identifying ways to monitor performance, and plan for intervention procedures in case of deviations from planned performance. The performance baseline is determined by cost, scope and time a project has. Control limits may be established for maximum allowed variation in costs and schedule delays. In the current case, the budget variation limit can be set to 5% for expenses such that the project should not exceed over $35,700 any point in time. Variances allowed in the schedule can be set to 10% of maximum variation such that the overall project completion should not go beyond 20th November 2016 adding three days to the last date(City of Chandler , 2000). The benefit of this change through the development of play zone inside the school room could be understood when the monetary forecasts can be made for future income obtained after establishing play zone. Project Performance Measurement Various project performance can be used to understand and analyze the progress of project. These methods could be Project Status Reports, and Budget Reports. Project Status Reports: Project status reports would include project progress details such as what activities are completed, how they vary from the plan, what part of project schedule is met, what is the variation and causes of any variations fro budget cost or time would be recorded(Caltrans, 2007). Budget reports: Budget report would analyse expenses and highlight if there are variations from the budgeted amount. The same would be calculated and presented to top management for approval of additional funds in the case, additional budget is required(WSDOT, 2015). Change Control Procedures Change control procedures may include processes that identifies reasons for change requirement, investigate the impact of change and review the same to take decision on whether change has to be incorporated. In the current case, this change can be in the form of adding a new activity or acquiring a new play object for day care centre or any other required changes(Time is Ltd, 2015). In case any change is required to be made on the project, the same would be recorded in a Project Impact Report (PIR) containing following details for each of the project: Identification details: Project Name, Project Date, Project Manager and Project Sponsor Estimate Impact of change on scope, cost, schedule, risk and quality: The impact should be positive in order to approve change. These impacts are quantified to calculate figures of number of features changed, number of deliverables changed, days impacted by change on key milestones, impact on the dollar, changes in open defects and risk severity. Background: this would involve reasons on why change is required Impact descriptions: The impacts of change on each project variable could be described for understanding of decision makers(CPA Australia Ltd, 2009). When a project shows lease negative impacts and most positive impacts, it would cause the change to be selected(Hart, 2011). Project Review And Evaluation At the end of the project, a review can be conducted on how the project was carried out and the same would be evaluated against the set goals of the project in the beginning. Cost variances are evaluated on the basis of allotted budget targets for each activity or milestones(CPA Australia Ltd, 2009). The evaluation would be done when the project would be nearing completion and it would be done to assess the performance of project. It would follow a review structure in which project implementation would be reviewed against plan, lessons learned would be recorded, business benefits would be identified and recommendations would be made for improvement. This evaluation would be done in two weeks and after 9 months of completion, a final review would be conducted to investigate if the business case goals are being achieved. References Caltrans, 2007. Project Communication Handbook. s.l.:Caltrans. City of Chandler , 2000. Project Management Methodology Guidelines, s.l.: City of Chandler CPA Australia Ltd, 2009. Best practice in performance management, Australia: CPA. GDE, n.d. Project Management Methodology Guidelines. [Online] Available at: https://www.chandleraz.gov/content/pm000pmmethodologygde.pdf [Accessed 12 February 2015]. Hart, S., 2011. PM Foundations The Change Control Process, s.l.: PM Foudnatiosn. Pearson, 2000. Basic Skills for Project Managers, s.l.: Pearson Education. PMI, 2009. Project Management in India: Insights from Six Key Sectors, s.l.: FICCI. The Saylor Foundation , 2014. Project Management from Simple to Complex, s.l.: The Saylor Foundation . Time is Ltd, 2015. Evaluating a Project. [Online] Available at: https://www.time-is-ltd.co.uk/Management/Promise/PMManual/Evaluating%20a%20Project.htm WSDOT, 2015. Cost Estimating Manual for Projects , s.l.: Washington State Department of Transportation.

Patagonia Essays - Benefit Corporation, Patagonia, Yvon Chouinard

Patagonia Abstract Patagonia's mission statement is, ?To use business to inspire and implement solutions to environmental crisis?. Patagonia is a clothing company that's focus is on selling environmentally safe outdoor apparel. This papers focus is on the history of Patagonia their environmental marketing strategies and their competition. There has also been some outside research done to see what the public's perception of Patagonia is. Introduction Patagonia's History In 1957 a young climber named Yvon Chouinard could not find pitons (a form of climbing protection) that he liked. So he began to make his own climbing gear. Chouinard was a self-educated blacksmith. He took his knowledge and began to build his own pitons. Of the pitons he made, Chouinard would keep what he needed and started selling the rest to his friends. Shortly after, Chouinard began building carabiners in addition to his production of the pitons. Up until this point, he had been working out of his parents' back yard and selling equipment out of his car. He moved his business in 1959 to an industrial yard in Burbank California and again in 1966 to a tin shed behind an abandoned slaughterhouse in Ventura California. In 1966, Tom Frost was recruited to help make the transition from handmade to machine made products. Chouinard and Frost founded Chouinard Equipment, Ltd. Everything about the operations focused on building the best quality climbing gear in the world?The companies genu ine and relentless pursuit of quality was matched by its reputation for it (Defining Quality, 2). Chouinard and Frost remained partners until 1975. During this time the two managed to redesign, hence improve, almost every tool used on a climber's rack. Their production also tried to minimize the use of materials. By 1970 Chouinard Equipment was the largest supplier of climbing equipment in the United States. Although this seemed positive from a business standpoint, Chouinard and Frost realized that they were contributing to environmental deterioration. Pitons require repetitive hammering for placement and removal. Because rock climbing was becoming popular the amount of destruction increased. Chouinard and Frost took a stand and decided to discontinue their production of pitons. This decision initiated a blind devotion that ultimately led to Patagonia's Statement of Purpose: To use business to inspire and implement solutions to environmental crisis. An environmental safe alternative to pitons was found in aluminum chocks. As before Chouinard Equipment designed and produced their own version of the chocks. Sales were slow until their showing in the first Chouinard Equipment catalog in 1972. The first pages of the catalog featured A Word? from the owners on the environmental hazards of pitons. The ethical stand taken by Chouinard Equipment dramatically effected the climbing community. Things began to change for the better. Within just a few months of the release of their first catalog, piton sales were severely stunted. In 1973 Patagonia the company was incorporated. Around this same time, Chouinard became interested in the profit potential of soft goods. He pursued his interest by introducing rugby shirts into their line. Frost and others opposed this decision and left the partnership in 1975. In the mid-seventies clothing was introduced under the name 'Patagonia'. Shortly after, in 1979, Patagonia Clothing Corporation was established. Patagonia was incorporated in 1984. Patagonia followed Chouinard's original intentions of developing goods that could easily be described as ridiculously overbuilt (Defining Quality, 5). Chouinard began technical product development in 1973, which continued and intensified under the Patagonia name. Patagonia continually improved on the amount of environmental impact as well as the quality of their materials. Pile lead to Bunting, which lead to Synchilla, which eventually changed the industry. Patagonia also introduced polypropylene underwear, which was replaced by Capilene in 1985. Although competition became fierce, Patagonia's attention to the details and construction of their products kept them ahead of the others. Throughout the years there has always been one constant in Patagonia's design and philosophy- a sense that there is in the products, or should be, more than meets the eye. Quality. Superb functionality. Environmental concern. A Killer warranty and service to match? (Defining Quality, 9). Patagonia's Environmental History As you can see in the above text, Patagonia's founder Yvon Chouinard has always put the environment first in his business plans. But Patagonia has done more for